Depending on the region in which the volcanic stone was formed, and on the time spent forming, the color pigment, mineral content and density will vary. Because it is a natural stone, when cut, various minerals like quartz, ferrous oxide, carbonates, and sometimes fossils, can be seen embedded in the stone.
The word “cantera” simply means “quarried” and can refer to any quarried stone, but the term “cantera” on its own refers to this specific ancient volcanic stone. Working with the stone was – and remains – a family tradition, its art being passed along through generations. Because the stone was difficult to move out of localized regions, the material and the artistry remained isolated for generations. Often, Mexican religious sites were built where cantera was readily available and used on location. When the Spaniards arrived, they incorporated cantera in the buildings that would form the foundation of their new colonies. They also brought with them tools that enhanced the artisanship of the people working with the stone, and this made cantera a cornerstone of Mexican architecture and design. In the 17th century cantera was widely used ornamentally, not structurally, yet this trend changed over time. To this day, central plazas, churches and buildings still stand as testament to the durability and beauty of cantera. Specifically, Morelia (formerly Valladolid) is known as the “Pink City of New Spain”, because pink-colored cantera stone is used in many structures there. One of the most famous landmarks made of cantera stone is the Basílica de Guadalupe, in Mexico City.
If incorporating cantera structurally into your home, hire an architect or contractor who truly understands the nature of the stone, its strengths and weaknesses. Canteras with a higher density should be used for building structures. Since the make-up of canteras varies, artisans don’t know what they’re working with until the rock is actually cut. As ornamentation, all cantera fireplaces and fountains and their intricate designs are hand carved. Be aware that there are lower-quality substitutes on the market. Concrete and foam look-a-likes are cheaper in the short run, but lose their value in the long run. Cantera will add to the value of your home and will only appreciate. If the cantera gets dirty or stained, it can easily be sanded down, revealing yet another layer of rich color and inclusions. In this region, cantera stays cool in the summertime and warm in the winter, a huge benefit. Cantera will not over-expand or contract and this prevents cracking, making it amenable to the outdoors and indoors. Used outside its porous qualities make it a no-slip surface perfect for pool areas. Because of the mineral content in the local water, cantera must be sealed correctly, or there can be damage. The beautiful earthy hues of this stone meld well with our Southwestern environment and architecture, modern and old world, and it will last a lifetime and beyond if the proper care and maintenance are in place.
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